Quiz Review Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz Review Questions - Coursework Example 15, Rios indicate that the boys may embrace strategies such as going dumb, acting stupid or even being dummy smart as a strategy to discredit the system that punished and excluded them (Rios) 4. These are knowledge and ideas that people try to draw upon in their day-to-day life activities. Cultural capital ranges from ability to speak, ability to write effectively and even rule of etiquette among others. 5. These benefits of economy are gained from the preferential treatment and cooperation between a group of people and individuals. Social capital tends to share the main idea that networking has a significant value. 8. In the 21st century, people are living together despite the differences. According to Sandercock, people must understand their differences and how important it is to their politics and cooperative success in order to live together. Without such understanding, problems might arise. He also develops a multicultural perspective that embraces unity of culture of every individual that is inescapable of cultural diversity and which is part of the right to differences (Sandercock). 9. Therapy can be an effective statement in most cases. But to reap its benefits, it is important that the right strategies that incorporate emotional wellbeing to be utilized. Emotions help in diagnosing several health related problems including mental health conditions. Therefore, emotions play a huge role in dictating the types of therapy and when an individual should initiate the therapies. 10. City building- cities are always in constant change. This comes alongside with struggles. The struggles are developing to shape up and protect as well as improve places. People have roles to play in the city change since it affects everyday life. While the cities are changing, the professions in building do not act alone. The transformation recognizes that these professions are effective when they act in a transparent way of politics; in association with residents,

The Man On The Moon Essay Example for Free

The Man On The Moon Essay The Road to Mecca is an eye opening play written by Athol Fugard that displays a deep and significant message about the importance women’s right to express themselves freely. Elsa, a character in the play, sums this idea up in a sentence she says in the play: â€Å"There’s nothing sacred in a marriage that abuses the woman†. The story is primarily based on a woman by the name of Helen Martin. Helen lived in a culture with certain social norms and conformities, where women specifically were afraid of pursuing their dreams due to an unwarranted fear of what others would think of their ideas and them, themselves as human beings. Helen conformed to the social norms and married, but when she died I believe that she was able to follow her dreams due to the fact that she did not have her husband’s religious judgments stopping her. After her husband’s death, her community expected her to begin a new life of quiet mourning, but instead she followed her dreams and began to build her own Mecca. This consisted of making many various statues in her backyard. Instead of the village residents in her community admiring and appreciating her art, instead they thought of her to be eccentric and rejected her. Helen was admirable as she continued her passion of art and creation even though her society was against her artistic ways. Instead of deciding to stop, even when stones were thrown at her house, she carried on building her Mecca. She dared to be different! Helen’s courage and free-will in this play portrays an important message of free expression that all women deserve and are entitled to have. Worrying about what other people think about you will never allow you to find out who you really are. Helen was torn between deciding whether or not to conform to the social norms expected of her or to carry on with her dreams and experience freedom. She chose the latter and fulfilled her own heart’s desires. Even though she lost many friends by doing so, there was Elsa, who accepted and supported her ways. Being yourself, and putting your dreams, thoughts and ideas in to reality is a true  representation of who you are and thus you will know who your true friends are. Helen’s courage in the play can be learnt by all women. Following societal norms and doing everything that is expected by you from society may be an easy way out. But by following this safe and easy way through life, there will be many potential characteristics and qualities wasted in your life. In Helen’s case she pushed through the societal norms and gained admirable qualities and characteristics such as love, courage, freedom and of course her artistic talent. Freedom is what we all desire, deserve and should have. Without it we will never have a true sense of happiness. Women have constantly either been forced or compelled to do what is expected of them. For example, in relationships, it is a husband’s expectation of a woman to cook, clean and even behave in a certain manner. In Helen’s case she was only able to follow her passion after her husband’s death. In these days women need to know that if they want to rather follow their dream, for exam ple to help people and become a nurse, they can! If their husband doesn’t allow it, the question must be raised, is he allowed to stop my dreams and passions from becoming a reality? Marriage is an extremely important decision to make, especially for women. It is very common for women to marry and for the husband to change and become abusive and controlling. This play can give women hope and a sense of courage to follow their hearts desire. If the husband does not allow for that, he does not truly love you because your dreams, hopes and passions all form part of who you really are. Therefore if they cannot be accepted and approved of, neither can the credibility of the relationship. Having trust with your heart’s desires and loving yourself are the most important things in order to be truly happy and free. To conclude, it is unfortunate that Helen was only able to follow her dream and portray her talent after the passing of her husband. All women can learn an imperative lesson from this play: A lesson of great courage and determination. It is never too late to follow your dream and realise that  you have a right and freedom to be who you want to be. Yes, some people may reject you, but you will gain friends who really matter and more importantly, you will gain a new sense of love for yourself. Nobody else has the right to stop you from expressing yourself freely and if they do try to, you must realise that they are not worth being a part of your life. Putting your dreams first may be a tough thing to do at times, as in Helen’s case, but if you don’t you will never experience the true joy and satisfaction that you could benefit from life. Finding and loving yourself should always be the biggest priority in women’s lives. By doing this first, the true friends and true love will follow.

Censorship of Lois Lowry’s The Giver Essay examples -- Lowry Giver Ess

Censorship of Lois Lowry’s The Giver Every year Kansas students in grades three through eight vote on their favorite of a list of literary works nominated for the William Allen White Award. This award, founded in 1952 honors "one of the state's most distinguished citizens" and journalists (Bogan). A selection committee comprised of representatives of several Kansas educational organizations such as the Department of Education and Association of Teachers of English pool nominations and eventually narrow them to a "master list" of about twenty books. Nominations exemplify "originality . . . vitality . . . and spirit" (Bogun). Once compiled, the master list is sent to schools around the state. At the end of the school year, after students have had time to read the majority of the selections, they vote and select the winner. Despite the suggestion of the William Allen White committee that students need not read every nomination, the Meade Grade School system took the initiative to build a literary appreciation program by requiring students to read all such books. To vote, as prescribed by the White Committee, a student need only read two of the selections. For the Meade students this was also the case, but to have the opportunity to take the annual school-sponsored trip to the presentation of the award, it was necessary to read and pass a computerized test on all books of the Master List. In 1996, however, one selection proved to be one too many for Meade: The Giver. Controversy over the novel by Lois Lowry began early in the school year when a couple parents of fifth grade students approached the librarian and suggested removing The Giver from the list of required readings. With little dissent, the librarian agree... ... say what the extent of exposure to "mature" themes should be for grade school students? By constricting the breadth of education, especially exposure to controversial literature, the Mennonite community hindered student's ability to address and understand real world issues. I have no doubt that this confusion was present as Meade students attended the banquet for the 1996 William Allen White Award winner. The winner? Lois Lowry. Works Cited "Blasphemy." OED 2d ed 1989. 2 Feb. 2002. Bogan, M.E., and T. Summey. William Allen White Children's Book Award. 1 Feb. 2002. Cresswell, Tim. In Place/Out of Place Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1996. Lowry, Lois. The Giver. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. "Spirit." OED 2d ed 1989. 2 Feb. 2002. "Upper." OED 2d ed 1989. 2 Feb. 2002.

Lightning and Electrical Storms

It is but considered that lightning and electrical storms are naturally ocurring events in nature where by we tend to be oblivious about it. Yet, its intensity brings about changes which may affect us to our advantage or disadvantage.Oftentimes, children are scared of the sound of thunder brought about by the blinding flash of lightning. In ancient times, lightning is associated with the wrath of a higher power as is evident with the Supreme god of Olympus, Zeus and the god of Thunder,Thor. To our ancestors, this is a sign that people will be punished for the bad deeds done, being superstitious at that. At present, lightning is associated with powerful mind-created characters often seen on televisions and some flicks.These beliefs though was not proven to exist in reality but these shows only the notion that lightning is indeed powerful. Now, one would ask what lightning is and why is there a need for lightning and electrical storms to occur? It is not just there as part of natureâ⠂¬â„¢s wonder.What is Lightning?Lightning is an electrical discharge between two different fields of charges which is formed in electrical storms (Learn More About†¦; par. 1). It is deemed that lightning has a heat three times greater than that of the sun’s surface. Usually, it is evident when rain clouds are present. Credit on lightning discovery is usually given to Benjamin Franklin with his kite and key experiment during a thunderstorm. This is because he pioneered the first experiment on showing electrical conductance of lightning as opposed to those ahead of him (Lightning; par 2,3,4 &5)..  However, hoew lightning came about has many explanations. There are many existing theories on how thunder is formed and which of which is still disputed.How lightning comes   aboutLightning is dtermined to be caused by difference in charges but, how it is generated is what is still uncertain till present.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientific studies are curr ently being conducted as to how it is generated. However, theories are proposed on how these charges are accumulated.One is the Polarization Mechanism Theory which states that falling droplets of ice and rain acquire charges before they hit the ground through electrostatic induction and another theory is the Electrostatic Induction Theory which, on the other hand, states that opposite charges in clouds are separated by energy between them and collision of charges with ice crystals brings about increasing intensity in charges inside the cloud. This increased intensity will soon find release in the form of lightning (Lightning; par. 11 & 12).The process after electrical charges are acquired and in which it should be released is a rather complex one. Usually in a rain coming, a cumulonimbus cloud is what is known as the source of lightning (Lightning ; par. 2). This type of cloud possesees a strong electrical charge and varies in horizontal difference of the cloud. At the base, the cha rge is strongly negative while at the top, it is strongly positive. This charges are being separated by an electrical field which is an energy in nature to keep the charges from colliding. The energy in the electric field is directly proportional to the cahrge of the particles between it.As the charges continue to increase in both sides brought about by collision, so is the amount of energy in the electric field. This intense energy causes the repulsion of the charge in the earth’s surface by the negative charge of the cloud causing the earth’s surface to gain positive charge.What happens next is that the electric field inside the cloud provides a path for the conductance of charges between the negative charge at the bottom of the cloud and the positive charge of the earth’s surface. This path is the air in which it is ionized by the strong electric field of the cloud. This process is known as air ionization. This causes about the formation of the flux line wher ein the lightning will travel through. Upon completion of the necessary path, the continuous build up of energy in the cloud causes about the outburst   of this energy which travels through the ionized air and the set flux line towards the positive charge. What travels here is what we know as lightning (Zavisa; pt 1, 2, 3 &4).On the other hand, the thunder that we know of is the sound formed after a lightning. This is caused about by lightning as it heats and expands the air which produces the sound known as thunder. As we all know, light travels faster than sound; reason why we hear thunder late after a lightning (Lightning:The Shocking Statistics; par. 6).Types of LightningThere are different types of lightning. The most common of which is the Cloud-to-cloud lightning and the other is the cloud-to-ground lightning.  Cloud-to-ground lightning is the most dangerous lightning. This is also the most destructive to properties. This occurs when lightning hits the ground or anything on earth’s surface. Being the most common, it is the most understood type of lightning (About Lightning; pt 4).Another is the cloud-to-cloud lightning which is also known as intra-cloud lightning. Intra-cloud lightning occurs when lightning transfers from cloud to another cloud or within the same cloud. This type occurs lesser in frequency than cloud-to-ground (Lightning Detection from Space; page 3).There are many other types of lightning and are named based on optical illusion and appearances. These are ball lightning, heat lightning, bead lightning, sheath lightning, black lightning and many others (Lightning Detection from Space; page 3).Effects and Damages of LightningLightning, which occurs along with electrical or thunder storms, are light flashes brought about by disturbances among the charges. It is known that lightning replenishes the  nitrogen supply in soil in which it hits. But with its great strength, this poses great danger among individuals.From the span of year ’90 to ’92, lightning killed four people and injured 127 individuals. It averages 80 kills per year in the United States alone (Lightning: the Shocking Statistics; par. 1).Moreover, lightning kills 55% more people than tornado and 40% more than hurricanes. It causes a loss of 15 – 20 million dollars each year to infrastructures. More so, the US Department of Agriculture reported that lightning causes about 80 % of accidental deaths in livestocks (Dworkin; par. 8).People are evidently exposed to the hazards of lightning. Damages to building, infrastructures, forest and wildfires, downed power lines and loss of life are just among its effects (Multihazard Risk†¦; spt. A).These also causes airplane disasters as it hits a flying craft. It was reported that in 1963, a plane strucked by lightning near Elkton, MD, killed 38 people. It is also noted that plane crashes in 1982 in Kenner, Los Angeles, and 1985 in Dallas, Texas was brought about by lightning. The past decade also took notice of 15,000 fires caused by lightning in the US alone causing wide property damage and loss of 2 million acres of forests (Multihazard Risk†¦; spt. A).ConclusionEvidently destructive by nature, lightning is inescapable. But, there are many precautions which one would be able to take to prevent or minimize the losses brought about by lightning strikes. First is to listen to weather forecasts so that one would not be in the open when an electrical storm came. Second is to manage an electrical conductor in houses or if in a car, better stay in the car as it is a good conductor. Next is to stay out of an open field where  you eould be the tallest object to be hit by lightning.   Another is to stay calm and stay as low as possible when it is inevitable that electrical storm will come when your outside the safety of your own home. These are few among the possible preventive measures (Protection†¦; par. 2).Presently, experiments on lightning deflec tors to be placed on planes are being conducted. Spires are also being improved to be placed on skyscrapers. More so, the prospect of harnessing lightning’s power as source of electricity is on its way.Who knows, one day, we would be able to truly deflect lightnings disastrous strikes to our advantage.OUTLINE: IntroductionWhat is lightningHow it comes aboutTypes of lightningEffects and damages of lightning (stats) especially in st louis missouri us and midwestConclusionReferences:â€Å"Learn More About Lightning and Thunder.† 2007. 30 April 2007 .â€Å"Lightning.† 2005. 30 April 2007 .Zavisa, John. â€Å"How Lightning Works.† 2007. 30 April 2007 .Dworkin, Gerald. â€Å"Emergency Procedures During Thunder and Lightning Storms.† 23 February 1998. 30 April 2007. .â€Å"About Lightning.† 2007. 30 April 2007. .â€Å"Multi-Hazard Risk Identification and Assessment.† 2007. 30 April 2007. . â€Å"Lightning: The Shocking Statistics.† 20 07. 30 April 2007 . â€Å"Lightning Detection From Space.† 2007. 01 May 2007 . â€Å"Lightning.† March 2007. 01 May 2007 . â€Å"Protection Against Lightning.† 2007. 01 May 2007 .

Going Green to save the Environment Essay

Environment preservation has been of high concern by many environmentalists’, governments and other non-governmental organization. Due to the current situation of the environmental degradation, many campaigns by different organization have thus been put forward as a remedy to the effects of this problem. To curb this problem, different global attempts have thus been instituted to ensure a high concern to prevention of further degradation and limit the then effects born of this problem. Broadly, environment is the ecosystem in which man, animals and the plants survive in. For the health of the live on the earth, importance is attached to the influence of a health state of the environment. A polluted environment is harmful to man, the other animals and to the plants kingdom. Such comes from the indirect consequences that arise as a result of the harmful environment or directly through the health effects that poor environment has to the living things. In the ecosystem, living organisms interact with the environment in their pursuit of life in which case, they uses the environment to source for their daily requirements. If the environment is degraded, its maximum capacity to offer sustaining output to the living things in the ecosystem is destabilized, which results in the fatal effects of harm to these living things. However, the problem with such environmental degradation is rooted to human beings influence where man in the sole contributor to this problem. Through his daily activities in exploitation of the resources in the environment for his survival, man has continued to degrade the environment. (Wade, 2003) However, with the inset of the problem arising from this problem, man has embarked on the philosophy of ‘going green to save the environment’. This aspect entails the application of various attempts that brings one to being friendly to the environment as well saving money income in his operations. This has a double remedy the ones life, where one saves the environment using certain tools which are also economical in terms of money expenditure. (Beretz, 1999) Environmentalists and human activists have argued that man can only undertake to save the environment in an economical way through the various daily interactions with the environment at various levels. Such levels leading to going green to save the environment, would be captured at the people homestead, workplaces, use of recycling campaigns economy and optimality in peoples daily automobile system and proper concern on material and equipment storage. In such, various areas have been developed by the seventh generation in the realization of the roles that individuals can play at their personal level to save the environment in the cheapest means hence saving their income. The seventh generation is a group of human activists who have joined together to fight for the value of a clean environment. Their campaign is safety geared towards initiating environmental protection at the personal level. (www. seventhgen. com/making_difference/newsletter_article. php? article=404&issue=46) However, in understanding the concept, movers of this philosophy have to capture the diversity in the understanding of the term environment. Broadly, environment captures various sets of variable which will include pollution, demographic control, protection of the ozone layer, use of recycling to prevent pollution, use of environmental conservation methods, and aspects of global warming and endangering of some animal and plants kingdom. Perhaps, the greatest contribution has been by the government, international environmental laws on environment and other big organization of both national and international scales on environmental conservations. However, the contribution of these groups has perhaps been minimal, too costly and not optimal to addressing the issue. Research has showed that, despite the high campaign on environmental protection the problem continues to be a threat to the plant and animal ecosystem. With this challenge, the developers of the seventh generation movement work to remedy this problem through personalizing saving of the environment. The concept will basically involve the application of various conservation measures by the individual person which would be less involving in terms of time resources, effect to the external population and above all saving money. To an individual person, he will interact with various environments in his day to day live depending on different variables such as age, religion, occupation, gender, political orientation and personal social-cultural believes with the environment. In the different environments that individuals interact with, the concept of going green and save environment captures on how an individual person should relate with the immediate environment for its preservation but which would otherwise be of the most minimal cost. To the seventh generation activists’, man is involved in the use of some resources at his personal level which can be re-used once again and who’s un-optimal use leads to environmental pollution. Since such resource products are used by the individual, saving the environment would be fostered through recycling of materials. This would involve the re-use of the products for even other purposes and periods. Environmentalists argue differently on the consequences of recycling in relation to the economy as a whole. (Clay, 2001). In the broader sense of environmental conservation, recycling a product depends on the economies that may be got from such an activity. Firstly, if the product got from this activity is cheaper that that of a new product of the same nature, then recycling is an important tool as it will imply income saving. However, if the product got from the recycling is expensive than the purchase of a new commodity of equally the some nature, then recycling would be uneconomical and thus no need of doing such. To the individual level, the relevance of economies from recycling a product should guide him of whether to recycle the product or not. In one level, such an activity will only involve the particular individual. On the other hand, the activity will save him on income for purchase of other products. Sufficiently, the going green and save environment philosophy is captured at this point. Recycling will involve various resources products such as energy wear materials, use of recyclable products, keeping the air clean upon other activities for collecting rain water for household use and recycling plastic components such as bags that are not easy biodegradable. (Wagner, 2005) Through use of various household product recycling activities, an individual can save his income above saving the environment. At the homestead, individuals should recycle plastic bags, through using them time and again. Either, the use of easily biodegradable plastic containers and products for packing household waste is a measure. For ones physical outwear, clothe recycling is still a measure in which a person can wash a piece of cloth material for many times and still keep some few of them for his use. Some articles like paper towels as well as napkins should be made of recyclable paper material. In the physical decoration of the homestead with paint, brands of paints manufactured from some organic compounds which would be volatile and cheap as well having a lesser effect on environmental degradation should be used. At the personal level, cleaning compounds such as soaps and detergents have been a chief source of environment. ( Sivils, 2003). However, remedy to this would be personal manufacturing of his household cleaning products which can be done from various simple components which are cheaper and a highly environmental friendly. Other economies would be safety to the kids, the old people or pets who would be chemical sensitive hence affected by chemical cleaning materials. After a research carried recently rain water offers a fabulous health conditions to the individual. Rain water is normally healthier with fewer chemicals and therefore better for use by an individual. The opportunity cost of rain water is other sources which contains chemical compounds harmful to man. Either, such sources are normally costly and therefore uneconomical. For one to save income and be environmental friendly therefore, he should strategize to possibly have a collection of rain water. Such a method is cheaper and also safeguards the person against any health problem that may arise from use of treated water or water with various chemicals. An environmental friendly and cheap method can be on the deposition of individual food and organic leftovers, rather than trashing them to the dumping areas. In most the cities, environmental pollution has been as a result of food leftovers substances that are dumped in the dumping site by individuals. (Domoto, 1999) Intensity of such leftovers is environmentally unfriendly whose long run cost is perhaps too high both to the individual, community and the government. By using compost pits for your leftovers, it can alternatively be used as a source of organic manure for your field. Indeed, this method is cheap and ensures a high saving to the environment. ( www. seventhgen. com/making_difference/newsletter_article. php? article=404&issue=46) By and large, an environmentally friendly homestead is a key factor in concern to going green to save environment. The homestead is the living area of the individual. Therefore, it forms an environment which the individual person should work towards its upkeep. Broadly, diversified methods can be used to improve and maintain a good homestead environment at a cheap cost which is highly cost saving. Diversity in such household’s environment concerning issues varies from energy saving techniques and use of proper methods to conserve waste for household use. In various, studies household activities have been voted as a big contributor towards environmental pollution. Above this problem, such household activities are normally highly costing. Various household activities have led to external environment pollution which is harmful to the immediate individual in the application as well as the neighborhood as a whole. Perhaps the greatest household environmental pollutant is the energy system and activities used in the households. Various energy inputs such as cooking energy, lighting, water heating and laundry appliances have been a chief source of pollution. To avoid this, individual should use environmental friendly energy conservation methods that are also cheap. Some electrical systems and appliances are normally cheap and have less environmental pollution. Example, persons should aim to use fluorescent bulbs that are energy efficient. Home selection of such should vary with shapes, color hue match and room lighting. (Wagner, 2005) Many of these choices have been voted to use a scaled down amount of energy than the other versions. Other varied energy appliances in the homestead can highly help to save the environment above reducing costs of their use. The use of energy star appliances, reducing the homestead utility bill, use of wall warts which are adoptions used for drawing energy from homesteads walls and the use of other dormant appliances which do not use energy when off can highly help to save energy. Active home appliances should be left to home machinery which could only loose its memory when switched off. Household should use energy audit system to control the saving attributes at the homestead which help to save the individual income and the environment as a whole. Contributors of the seventh generation usually argue on the impact of energy as a major source of environmental pollution. Improper use of energy at home can be a chief source of high income expenditures and an environmental pollutant. At all levels, the going green to save environment at the homestead level will call for water saving measures. This will involve on the general methods in use of water at home and the water heating methods which should be through the use of solar heaters rather that electricity. In all such activities the individual incomes is saved as well as the environment. (Wade, 2003) As a whole, personal use of automobiles has been a detriment to environmental pollution. In big cities of the world’s most developed urban areas, exhaustion of fumes, extravagance consumptions of fuels and vehicle jams have highly contributed to environmental pollution. To the individual person, the going green and save environments involves use of car and gas saving instruments that calls for less pollution and lower transport cost. To the individual going green on cars involves economical car application tools which may not imply direct use of transports. Such measures may include public transport use, operating work at home, probably renting of a car, economical driving and the use of environmental friendly fuels in your cars. Such aspects by an individual works toward achieving the going green in conservation of environment as well as saving income. A persons equipment purchases are taken for storage at the stores. To the individual, the storage system of his purchases may highly lead to environmental pollution. The store system should involve methods that help to reduce pollution. Stores packaging, volume of purchases, conditions at the stores should be environmental friendly at a cheap source. (Clay, 2001) The dimension of going green to save the environment tries to capture the possible ways in which an individual at his personal level can work towards minimizing environmental pollution with the cost aspect being minimal. It seeks to draw environmental protections activities and campaigns have been moved from the government or other big organization and bringing it close to the individual level. This has been done after a close realization on the importance of the role played by individual in protecting the environment on economical base rather than use of the broader institutions at higher expenses. Reference: Beretz, C. (1999) Saving the Farm: Forum for Applied Researched Public Policy Vol. 14 Clay, R. (2001) Saving the Earth from Space: Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 109. Domoto, A. (1999) Saving the Environment Women at the Wheel: UN Chronicle Vol. 36. Seventh Generation (September 2007). The non-Toxic Times News letter. www. seventhgen. com/making_difference/newsletter_article. php? article=404&issue=46 Retrieved on September 29th 2003 Sivils, M. (2003) Rosendale Steven Ed. The Greening of Literary Scholarship: Literature, Theory an the Environment: Studies in American Fiction Vol. 31 Wade, M. (2003) Saving the Planet: Report Debunks Myth That African Americans Don’t Care about the Environment Black Enterprise Vol. 34 Wagner, C. (2005) Saving the Environment Saves Human Lives: Environmental protection Programs Could Reduce Impacts of Future Disasters: The Futurists, Vol. 39

Logic in Daily Life Sociology Essay Sample

Logic in Daily Life Sociology Essay Sample Logic in Daily Life Sociology Essay Logic in Daily Life Sociology Essay It is believed that a person can think properly without knowing the exact rules and laws of logic, using them only on an intuitive level. After all, there are musicians who can play any musical instrument, without knowing the printed music. However, these musicians are limited in their creativity. They cannot fulfill the work written with the help of printed music or record a melody composed by them. The person who has mastered logic thinks more clearly, his/her arguments are more convincing than of those who do not have logical thinking. People constantly use logic in everyday life. Logic is a study of methods of evidence and refutation. The author Patrick Hurley (2011) gives the following definition â€Å"Logic may be defined as the organized body of knowledge or science that evaluates arguments† (p. 1). It is a set of scientific theories, each of which addresses specific ways of evidence and refutation. In the book Being Logical: A Guide to Good Thinking, it is mentioned that â€Å"Logic is about clear and effective thinking† (McInerny, 2004, p. 1). Logic is a science of forms and laws of correct thinking. The word logic is derived from the Greek word logos, which can be translated as a concept, reason, and argument (Maldonato Dell’Orco, 2011). Currently, it is used in the following principal values; firstly, these words represent regularities in change and development of things and phenomena of the objective world (Maldonato Dell’Orco, 2011). Patterns of change and development of things and phenomena of the objective world are ca lled objective logic. Secondly, the word ‘logic’ refers to special regularities in the connections and the development of thought (Maldonato Dell’Orco, 2011). These laws are called subjective logic. Patterns in the development of relations and thoughts are a reflection of objective laws. Logic is also known as a science of laws of the development of connections and thoughts. This science appeared approximately in the V century BC in ancient Greece (Shenefelt White, 2013). A famous Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle is considered to be the creator of this science (Hurley, 2011). Logic is an ancient science. Nevertheless, it still retains its practical significance. Many different sciences and arts of the ancient world have forever gone in the past and present only a museum value and are interesting as monuments of the past only. However, some of them have survived the centuries and people continue to use them these days. They include Euclidean geometry and the logic of Aristotle (Hurley, 2011). In the XIX century, a new science appeared and began to develop rapidly (Hurley, 2011). It is symbolic – mathematical or modern – logic, which is a branch of higher mathematics. The comprehension of foundations of any science is a complex and painstaking work that requires much time. Logic is a special world, which opens not for everyone, but only for those who make great efforts for this. In other words, knowledge of the basics of science is a treasure in the receptacle of an educated person. Logic is an extremely important part of everyone’s life. It helps people to properly build their thoughts and express them, convince others, better understand the interlocutor, explain and defend the points of view, and avoid errors in reasoning. On the content, human mind is infinitely diverse, as people can think about anything, for example, about the world and the origin of life on Earth, the past of mankind and its future, books and movies, today’s affairs, and coming holidays. Each person has a certain logical culture, the level of which is characterized by the set of logical methods and ways of reasoning that a person understands, as well as a set of logical tools that he/she uses in the course of learning and practice (Shenefelt White, 2013). Logical culture is acquired in the course of communication, learning, and reading literature. Logic is not all about the content of thinking, but it examines only the forms of thoughts. It is not interested in what people think, but how they think. Thus, it is often called formal logic. Aristotelian logic is also often called traditional. Logic deals with a form of thinking. A form of thinking is a way of expression of thoughts or the scheme of their construction. There are only three types of thinking. The first one is the concept. It is a form of thinking, which represents an object or an attribute of object. The second type of thinking is judgment. This form consists of concepts related to each other. Judgment always claims or denies. The last type of thinking is inference. It is a form of thinking, in which a new proposition or a conclusion follows from two or more initial judgments (Hurley, 2011). In addition to the forms of thinking, logic is also engaged in the laws of thinking. The laws of thinking are the objective principles or rules of thought, the observance of which always leads the argument, regardless of the content to the real conclusions on the condition of truth of initial judgments. There are four basic laws of thought. They include identity, contradictions, the excluded middle, and sufficient reason. Violation of these laws leads to different logical errors and false conclusions. Sometimes, the laws of logic are violated unintentionally and out of ignorance (Hurley, 2011). However, it is sometimes done deliberately to confuse the interlocutor and present a false idea. Knowledge of logic increases the culture of thinking, develops skills to think more intelligently, and develops a critical attitude. Logic teaches one to argue correctly. It allows people to correctly defend their opinion, refute the erroneous belief of the opponent, find compromises, and expose the unfair practices and tricks. Finally, logic adopts the habit of thinking. Modernity forces people to know much. In such a way, school and higher education systems seek to enclose much information in students. In the book Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, the author Merrilee Salmon (2012) states that â€Å"Information must be processed – understood, sorted for relevance, checked for accuracy and completeness, balanced against competing information, organized coherently, and analyzed for its application† (p. 2). However, they do not teach one to think. They do not tend to develop this human ability. Nevertheless, thinking is an extremely important aspect in personâ €™s life. Therefore, the notion that the study of logic does not have a practical significance is untenable. Many great philosophers and prominent figures of science and culture, such as Plato, Hobbes, and others attached great importance to the study of logic, knowledge of its laws, and pointed to the need to develop the ability to think logically. Logic is a necessary tool by releasing extra and unnecessary memorization. It helps to find the necessary notions in the mass of information. Knowledge of logic is necessary to any expert – mathematician, physician, biologist, and others. To some extent, logic was necessary for people at the most different historical epochs. However, it is especially necessary for precision of thought in the modern era. It is associated with the fact that the higher the level of society’s development, the greater are the requirements for the men, the own level of development, general, and special culture. In such a way, the need for the ability to think and reason and deeply understand the processes, occurring in public life, becomes extremely urgent. Accordingly, the role and importance of logic, as a science of thinking, is enhanced. Due to its extreme generality and abstraction, it is relevant to virtually all specific industries of science and technology. Despite the fact that these industries are different and unique, the laws and regulations of thinking, on which they are based, are united. Knowledge of logic is required for all people. However, there are sectors of human activity, professions, and specialties, where this knowledge is particularly necessary. Thus, logic knowledge is especially important for employees of public education (Sinnott, 2013). After all, these people are involved in an extremely important social process – the transfer of knowledge accumulated by mankind from one generation to another. Their activities are also largely associated with the formation of younger generation’s thinking. For them, it is important not only to think clearly, but also to teach thinking clearly and form a logical culture of students. Knowledge of logic is imperative to the workers of press and me dia. After all, their thoughts and words are addressed to the vast masses of population and can cause serious social consequences. Therefore, it is extremely important that information is strictly calibrated, balanced, and accurate. The need for knowledge of logic is obvious for health professionals (Sinnott, 2013). They deal with life and health. Therefore, logic errors are especially dangerous in analysis of the signs of the disease and diagnosis, and, thus, the determination of treatments. Knowledge of the laws and regulations of normally proceeding thinking is used in psychiatry as a mean of detecting violations of mental activity in psychiatric patients. Such logical methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, and classification are usually used (Sinnott, 2013). Logic is of particular importance in the activities of lawyers. Cicero speaking of the court cases advised the speaker to carefully and thoroughly understand all the cases. In today’s legal practice, substantially all the arsenal of logical means is widely used. It includes definition, division, summing up under a concept, the version as a kind of hypothesis, inference, proof, and refutation (Sinnott, 2013). Thinking logically means to think accurately and consistently. Contradictions in arguments should be avoided. These qualities of thought are important in any field of scientific and practical activities, requiring the precision of thought and the validity of conclusions. Logic plays an extremely important role in everyday life. It organizes the correct methods of reasoning, as well as common errors in reasoning. It provides logical means for a clear expression of thoughts, without which, any intellectual activity is ineffective. Knowledge of logic raises the culture of thinking, advanced skills of thinking, and develops a critical attitude towards people’s thoughts. Knowledge of the rules and laws of logic is not the ultimate goal of its research. The ultimate goal is the ability to use its rules and laws in the process of thinking. The truth and logic are interconnected. Therefore, knowledge of logic is impossible to overestimate. Logic helps to justify the true judgment and to refute the false one. It teaches people to think correctly and succinctly. Thus, logic is a philosophical science of forms of human thinking and laws, to which it is subject. In such a way, logic is necessary for all people.

Americas Growing Pains1 essays

Americas Growing Pains1 essays Americas first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, both resolutely adhered to the idea that America should endeavor to stay out of war at all times, and did everything in their power to evade declaring and entering into war. Throughout their reigns, war was ubiquitous in Europe, and many countries (especially Britain and France) made numerous attempts to obtain and secure Americas support. Washington and Adams both believed that America should not side with any foreign country during times of war making the fundamental purport of Americas first foreign policy the elusion of war at all costs. This policy was manifested throughout Washington and Adams involvement in, and reactions to the following affairs: the Citizen Genet controversy, the One of Washingtons initial attempts to pursue this policy was his counteraction to the Genet Affair. In 1793, George Washington proclaimed neutrality, thus declaring America an uninvolved, nonpartisan country in times of war. Simultaneously, Edmond Charles Genet was sent to the United States as a special representative from France to implore support in the French Revolution. Genet had previously resolved that the proclamation of neutrality was a harmless little pleasantry designed to throw dust in the eyes of the British. Commencing in Charleston, South Carolina, Genet traveled throughout the United States presenting his credentials. In addition to his quest for support, he began to license American vessels to operate as privateers against British shipping and to grant French military commissions to a number of Americans in order to prepare expeditions against Spanish and British territorial claims in North America. These two actions were in direct defilement of American law. Washington demanded that he cease his unlawful actions, but Genet continued to commission privateers because he enti...

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822–September 28, 1895) was a French biologist and chemist whose breakthrough discoveries into the causes and prevention of disease ushered in the modern era of medicine. Fast Facts: Louis Pasteur Known For: Discovered pasteurization, studies of anthrax, rabies, improved medical techniquesBorn: December 27, 1822 in Dole, FranceParents: Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette RoquiDied: September 28, 1895 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon (BA, 1842; BSc 1842), Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure (MSc, 1845; Ph.D. 1847)Spouse: Marie Laurent (1826–1910, m. May 29, 1849)Children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934),  Camille (1863–1865) Early Life Louis Pasteur was born December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, into a Catholic family. He was the third child and only son of  poorly educated tanner Jean-Joseph Pasteur and his wife Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He attended primary school when he was 9 years old, and at that time he didnt show any particular interest in the sciences. He was, however, quite a good artist. In 1839, he was accepted to the  Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon, from which he graduated with both a BA and a BSc in 1842 with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing, gaining. He later attended the prestigious Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure  to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals, and obtaining the French equivalents of an MSc (1845) and a Ph.D. (1847). He served briefly as a professor of physics at the Lycee in Dijon, and later became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Marriage and Family It was at the University of Strasbourg that Pasteur met Marie Laurent, the daughter of the universitys rector; she would become Louis secretary and writing assistant. The couple married on  May 29, 1849,  and had  five children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934), and Camille (1863–1865). Only two of his children survived to  adulthood: the other three  died of typhoid fever, perhaps leading to Pasteurs drive to save people from disease.   Accomplishments Over the course of his career, Pasteur conducted research that ushered in the modern era of medicine and science. Thanks to his discoveries, people could now live  longer and healthier lives. His early work  with the wine growers of France, in which he developed a way to pasteurize and kill germs as part of the fermentation process, meant that all kinds of liquids could now be safely brought to market- wine, milk, and even beer. He was even granted U.S. patent 135,245 for Improvement in Brewing Beer and Ale Pasteurization.   Additional accomplishments included his discovery of a cure for a certain disease that affected silkworms, which was a tremendous boon to the textile industry. He also found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax in sheep, and rabies in humans. The Pasteur Institute In 1857, Pasteur moved to Paris, where he took up a series of professorships. Personally, Pasteur lost three of his own children to typhoid during this period, and in 1868, he suffered a debilitating stroke, which left him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He opened the Pasteur Institute in 1888, with the stated purpose of the treatment of rabies and the study of virulent and contagious diseases. The Institute pioneered studies in microbiology, and held  the  first-ever class in the new discipline in 1889. Starting in 1891, Pasteur began to open other Institutes throughout Europe to advance his ideas. Today, there are  32 Pasteur institutes or hospitals in 29 countries throughout the world. The Germ Theory of Disease During Louis Pasteurs lifetime it was not easy for him to convince others of his ideas, which were controversial in their time but are considered absolutely correct today. Pasteur fought to convince surgeons that germs existed and that they were the cause of disease, not bad air, the prevailing theory up to that point. Furthermore, he insisted that germs could be spread via human contact and even medical instruments, and that killing germs through pasteurization and sterilization was imperative to preventing the spread of disease. In addition, Pasteur advanced the study of virology. His  work with rabies led him to realize that weak forms of disease  could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.   Famous Quotes Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen? Chance favors only the prepared mind. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Controversy   A few historians disagree with the accepted wisdom regarding Pasteurs discoveries. At the centennial of the biologists death in 1995, a historian specializing in science, Gerald L. Geison  (1943–2001), published a book analyzing Pasteurs private notebooks, which had only been made public about a decade earlier. In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Geison asserted that Pasteur had given misleading accounts about many of his important discoveries. Still, other critics labeled him a fraud. Death Louis Pasteur continued to work at the Pasteur Institute until June 1895, when he retired because of his increasing illness. He died on September 28, 1895, after suffering multiple strokes. Legacy Pasteur was complicated: inconsistencies and misrepresentations identified by Geison in Pasteurs notebooks show that he was not just an experimenter, but a powerful combatant, orator, and writer, who did distort facts to sway opinions and promote himself and his causes. Nevertheless, his accomplishments were tremendous- in particular his anthrax and rabies studies, the importance of handwashing and sterilization in surgery, and most importantly, ushering in the era of the vaccine. These accomplishments continue to inspire and cure millions of people. Sources Berche, P. Louis Pasteur, from Crystals of Life to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18 (2012): 1–6.Debrà ©, Patrice. Louis Pasteur. Trans. Forster, Elborg. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.  Lanska, D. J. Pasteur, Louis. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Eds. Aminoff, Michael J. and Robert B. Daroff. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014. 841–45.Ligon, B. Lee. Biography: Louis Pasteur: A Controversial Figure in a Debate on Scientific Ethics. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13.2 (2002): 134–41.Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo. The Science of Louis Pasteur: A Reconsideration. The Quarterly Review of Biology 76.1 (2001): 37–45.Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Chapter 6: Pasteur on Microbes and Infectious Diseases. Case Studies in Public Health. Ed. Tulchinsky, Theodore H.: Academic Press, 2018. 10 1–16.

Fundamental Differences between Communism and Liberal Capitalism after Essay

Fundamental Differences between Communism and Liberal Capitalism after WWII - Essay Example Communism, on the other hand, refers to the communal ownership of public resources. Under liberal capitalism, everyone has the same share of resources and there is expected to be as little government intervention as possible. Communism is geared towards placing the ownership of resources to the people where these resources are owned communally. There exist some fundamental differences between communism and liberal capitalism. The role of individual changes depending on whether communism or liberal capitalism is at work. With liberal capitalism, each individual is independent and is expected to make their personal decisions. Under communism, each individual is supposed to contribute to the common good of the society by being a part of the production system. Under liberal capitalism, wealth is distributed unevenly unlike in communism where each individual in the society co-owns the wealth and the national resources. Under capitalism, each individual has their own wealth and this wealth is owned privately. Communists believe that each person’s needs are equal and equally important and in this regard argue that resources should be shared equally. At the same time, communists believe that by working together as a team, people can achieve more and this will lead to the welfare of the community as a whole. Liberal capitalists have different views on this. To begin with, a liberal capitalist society, it is believed when individual compete against each other, they will be the most productive and this will eventually work for the best of everyone. One of the best examples of liberal capitalism is probably the United States of America. Liberal capitalism in America has led to the inventions of so many technologies that have made the lives of people so much easier. In liberal capitalist economies such as the United States of America, individuals are rewarded for their contribution to the societies.

A critical examination of the Korean Dietary regimen Essay

A critical examination of the Korean Dietary regimen - Essay Example Due to the various disasters and flood in Korea the dietary regimen in the country has been affected and is becoming worse. The Korean government gave more importance to the guns for fighting than food for people, which has changed the dietary procedures of the people living there. The Korean people have a-lot of vegetables and meat, which in turn gives them protein which is very essential and often suggested by doctors for a healthy living. The Korean people make various types of granule alcohol, which is most commonly and particularly known as Soju. The Korean females are not allowed to imbibe alcohol however on the other hand alcoholism is not unidentified and most commonly used amongst the Korean men. A great proportion of the Korean males go through from various types of kidney or liver tribulations and stomach cancer as a result of too much utilization of intoxicating drinks or alcohol. The various types of Korean diet puts forward a hale and hearty assemblage of foodstuff, which is short in animal fat in addition to far above the ground in fiber, however a elevated usage of sodium is instituted in Korean dishes which has soy sauce, hot sauce, bean paste, and fish sauce but too much sodium utilization is considered to be the root to various physical conditions. Sodium usage has been a sign of the fact that using saline excess can increase the probability of elevated blood pressure, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, diabetes, liver fat, fragile bones, asthma, premature deaths and stomach cancer. Usages of too much sugary stuff, which have a high rate of sugar, cause diabetics. Koreans have started using salt to conserve food, and the people with a high blood pressure problem or diabetes are over and over again told to decrease the sodium in their food. Different consumption examples become a sign of dissimilar dietary mores through out the world.

Literature. Crusoe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature. Crusoe - Essay Example It is not just an immense tree, but is "five foot ten inches in diameter at the lower part . . . and four foot eleven inches diameter at the end of twenty-two foot." Furthermore, time is measured with similar exactitude, as Crusoe's journal shows. We may often wonder why Crusoe feels it useful to record that it did not rain on December 26, but for him the necessity of counting out each day is never questioned. "As I had once done thus in my breaking away from my Parents, so I could not be content now, but I must go and leave the happy View I had of being a rich and thriving Man in my new Plantation, only to pursue a rash and immoderate Desire of rising faster than the Nature of the Thing admitted;" (p.257) All these examples of counting and measuring underscore Crusoe's practical, businesslike character and his hands-on approach to life. But Defoe sometimes hints at the futility of Crusoe's measuring-as when the carefully measured canoe cannot reach water or when his obsessively kept calendar is thrown off by a day of oversleeping. Generally, we see that there is a major sense of class superiority. Robinson hired one "European servant" and a "Negro slave" on his plantation. We are supposed to assume that one is better than the other. The basis of such distinctions is rooted in religion. ... The basis of such distinctions is rooted in religion. Defoe introduces what is perhaps the most important background component to the story--the role of Christianity, particularly as it connects to relationships with other people. What appears to be a friendship between Robinson and Xury is turned into a common master-slave relationship when Crusoe decides to part with him so that Xury will be Christian in ten years' time. The fact that he is willing to forsake his companion in this manner indicates how strongly the Christian faith is entrenched within him. Essentially it is the driving force behind this decision. The excerpt below exemplifies how Crusoe viewed his life when faced with crisis which can have an economic nature and how God acts to help him get through it. "I have been in all my Circumstances a Memento to those who are touched with the general Plague of Mankind, whence, for ought I know, one half of their Miseries flow; I mean, that of not being satisfy'd with the Station wherein God and Nature has plac'd them; for not to look back upon my primitive Condition, and the excellent Advice of my Father, the Opposition to which was, as I may call it, my ORIGINAL SIN." (p. 168) It happen'd one Day about Noon going towards my Boat, I was exceedingly surpriz'd with the Print of a Man's naked Foot on the Shore." (p. 172) The business-like friendship between Xury and Crusoe is further emphasized when the narrator procures a plantation in Brazil. Astounded by the hard work, he wishes dearly for "his boy Xury." The diction of this line demonstrates possessiveness toward Robinson's companion. Ironically, he only longs for his company when there is back-breaking labor to be done. It appears that Xury's un-Christian status degrades him in the eyes of the narrator and

Exploration of regional variations in guanxi among Chinese managers Thesis

Exploration of regional variations in guanxi among Chinese managers - Thesis Example Guanxi networks are of great importance in business and financial transactions, and hence the relevance of guanxi to management and understanding of business in China is extreme. According to Ramasamy and Goh (2006, p.130) â€Å"guanxi is the lifeblood of Chinese business communities, and frequently acts as a lubricant of business activities†. Guanxi is also considered as being â€Å"a channel of knowledge transfer† and two specific aspects of guanxi are related with such a channel - â€Å"trust and communication† (Ramasamy and Goh, 2006, p.130). Guanxi has also been related to the human resources management of firms that operate across China. Law and Jones (2009, p.313) revealed that various aspects of guanxi need to be clearly understood by HR managers in both Chinese and foreign firms. Guanxi has been related to other parts of business activity in China. In a study by Lee and Humphreys (2007), guanxi was found to be a critical factor affecting a firm’s supply chain management: in aspects of strategic purchasing, outsourcing, and supplier development (Lee and Humphreys, 2007, p.45). Though guanxi influences the development of various business activities in China, a differentiation has been identified â€Å"in the way guanxi is utilised in state-owned and foreign-invested enterprises† (Wood, Whiteley and Zhang, 2002, p.263). The study by Wood et al. (2002) found that guanxi is considered to be an important criterion but it seems to be more appreciated in state-owned enterprises rather than enterprises based on foreign capital. The above view is in accordance with that of Liu and Roos (2006, p.432) who noted that â€Å"the guanxi-driven paradigm remains a crucial factor in planning and managing effective working relationships when the Chinese partner i s one officially classified as â€Å"restricted†. In other words, guanxi influences the business activities in China – affecting also the decisions of Chinese managers – but this influence seems to be

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Research Paper

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Children - Research Paper Example were hit hardest by the depression. On realizing that the economic downfall will last for a period, many countries initiated plans to keep their domestic production protected through the imposition of tariffs. Others raised their existing tariffs, and quotas were set on foreign imports (Ewing, 2006). All these restrictive measured aimed at reduction of international trade volume. Over the consequent assorted number of years, the contribution from investors declined and so did the consumption rate of the customers (Rauchway, 2008). Some economists are of the opinion that significant outcomes tot eh political sphere, with some political aspirants like Franklin D. Roosevelt of the democrat getting advantage of the economic distress. Arguably, the economic depression affected nation, consequently affecting individuals with those involved in trade getting severe effects. Though given less emphasis, the effects of the depression in children was as well diverse. This paper analyses in depth the consequences of the Great Depression in the US experienced by children. Lack of education Education is a key factor to the success of every child. As such, it is a requirement that children are given enough of it to ensure that their future life is well constructed. However, with the prevailing tension and economic distress during the Great Depression, the opportunity to access education was at stake (Terkel, 2011). Evidently, during this period, American institutions were profoundly transformed. For instance, in the 1920s, there was erosion of crucial educational advances, resulting in the closing of schools. The closure of these schools was instigated by the fact that funding was no more. In addition, those schools that were under construction were brought to a halt. This meant that children could not attend school any more. Notably also, the arrears for teachers and educational administrators increased. As a result, they formed unions and engaged in strikes with hope that th eir arrears would be cleared. The consequences were felt by children for lack of teachers and administrators meant that learning was no more (Bound & Turner, 2002). Retrieved on March 30, 2013, from http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/trickle-down-in-down-market-1.jpg Alteration of Family Unit structures The Great Depression altered the way of living for families and children, turning to be a challenge to every American family. The notable effects ranged from impacted financial structures and employment of the entire family unit. Further, the families lost their jobs and could not settle their mortgage debt were rendered homeless. The basic needs like food, water, and shelter became scarce. Regardless of where one was living, be it in the city or on the farms, life was hectic for everyone. The depression forced the kids to work, made others run away from their family, and began living in the railroads. Most of the children from families that were not well off were forced to work and bring money to the family for their upkeep (Rauchway, 2008). This meant that the family structure was completely altered as every individual in the family felt the need to work add to the family income. Working of the children was not that good since children were affected in growth due to the physical fatigue and psychological depression. Medical challenges During this period, scholars document that infant mortality rate was at its peak because there was no prenatal medical care for the pregnant

Service firm Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service firm Management - Essay Example One, because professional services in business have increasingly become very important. Additionally, businesses require professional service firms in their efforts to attract and retain employees, motivate them, and give the knowledge they require (Rose & Robinson). The main concern of this article is to show how leading professional service firms are managed to overcome their challenges and still emerge profitable. Rose and Robinson affirm that by performing the best does not mean they do not have challenges; it only portrays how they effectively manage their challenges. He tries to list some of the key challenges faced by these firms such as staff satisfaction, client service balancing and partner profitability. Moreover they need to provide insights on things like leverage (partners’ ratio to fee-earners) and analyzing how busy the fee earners are (Rose & Robinson). This article emphasizes the importance of creating a favorable environment for both employees and clients in a company. According to Rose, personal engagement is the most appropriate way to lead a professional service firm. As a manager, one needs to be fully engaged in the company in order to realize good results. In a service company like this, its performance is not evaluated by the amount of products produced but rather the quality of services that it offers. As a manager of a service industry, one is required to be in constant assessment of the customers and employees needs (Rose & Robinson). The manager should device ways of getting feedback from the customers on the services offered. In addition, the manager should also be in close contact with the employees; asking them what they feel about the firm and be ready to incorporate their views to the running of the company. Another factor of good management is staff motivation. Rose & Robinson first highlight the main importance of recruiting competent individuals to the firm and then explain how creating a good environment for them

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Research Paper

The Consequences of the Great Depression in the US Experienced from Children - Research Paper Example were hit hardest by the depression. On realizing that the economic downfall will last for a period, many countries initiated plans to keep their domestic production protected through the imposition of tariffs. Others raised their existing tariffs, and quotas were set on foreign imports (Ewing, 2006). All these restrictive measured aimed at reduction of international trade volume. Over the consequent assorted number of years, the contribution from investors declined and so did the consumption rate of the customers (Rauchway, 2008). Some economists are of the opinion that significant outcomes tot eh political sphere, with some political aspirants like Franklin D. Roosevelt of the democrat getting advantage of the economic distress. Arguably, the economic depression affected nation, consequently affecting individuals with those involved in trade getting severe effects. Though given less emphasis, the effects of the depression in children was as well diverse. This paper analyses in depth the consequences of the Great Depression in the US experienced by children. Lack of education Education is a key factor to the success of every child. As such, it is a requirement that children are given enough of it to ensure that their future life is well constructed. However, with the prevailing tension and economic distress during the Great Depression, the opportunity to access education was at stake (Terkel, 2011). Evidently, during this period, American institutions were profoundly transformed. For instance, in the 1920s, there was erosion of crucial educational advances, resulting in the closing of schools. The closure of these schools was instigated by the fact that funding was no more. In addition, those schools that were under construction were brought to a halt. This meant that children could not attend school any more. Notably also, the arrears for teachers and educational administrators increased. As a result, they formed unions and engaged in strikes with hope that th eir arrears would be cleared. The consequences were felt by children for lack of teachers and administrators meant that learning was no more (Bound & Turner, 2002). Retrieved on March 30, 2013, from http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/trickle-down-in-down-market-1.jpg Alteration of Family Unit structures The Great Depression altered the way of living for families and children, turning to be a challenge to every American family. The notable effects ranged from impacted financial structures and employment of the entire family unit. Further, the families lost their jobs and could not settle their mortgage debt were rendered homeless. The basic needs like food, water, and shelter became scarce. Regardless of where one was living, be it in the city or on the farms, life was hectic for everyone. The depression forced the kids to work, made others run away from their family, and began living in the railroads. Most of the children from families that were not well off were forced to work and bring money to the family for their upkeep (Rauchway, 2008). This meant that the family structure was completely altered as every individual in the family felt the need to work add to the family income. Working of the children was not that good since children were affected in growth due to the physical fatigue and psychological depression. Medical challenges During this period, scholars document that infant mortality rate was at its peak because there was no prenatal medical care for the pregnant

Why should anyone study philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why should anyone study philosophy - Essay Example The meaning of this is that as long as an individual has his ideological persuasions guiding his life’s decisions and principles, that person may be said to be having his own philosophy. This means that philosophy can be defined broadly or even narrowly, depending on a person’s preference (Proffitt & Webster). The broad aspect of philosophy and its definition are underscored by the fact that during the classical era, even linguistics was considered part of philosophy. In itself, the phrase philosophy is a Greek compound philo and Sophia, meaning loving and knowledge, respectively. Although one may compound philo and Sophia and conclude that philosophy is the love or quest for knowledge, yet this definition barely suffices. Philosophy is indeed a love and a quest for knowledge but not all love and quest for knowledge are philosophical or philosophy. One can agree with Wallenmaier’s attempt at a more tenable definition of philosophy as the attempt to acquire knowle dge by rational means, concerning topics which are not amenable to empirical investigation (Wallenmaier, 340). The foregoing does not only reveal the difficulty which man has encountered in his attempt to define philosophy, but the simple-yet-so-complex nature which graces and characterizes philosophy. For instance, although Wallenmaier’s attempt seems the most plausible so far, yet it has its deficiencies. The plausibility of Wallenmaier’s definition is seen in the facts that: seeing philosophy as an attempt to acquire knowledge separates philosophy from creative disciplines such as music and literature; the rational aspect of philosophy which Wallenmaier mentions disassociates philosophy from religion and mysticism; and topics that are not amenable to empirical investigation as the focus of philosophy distinguish philosophy from empirical sciences such as biology and physics. Nonetheless, the difficulty in defining philosophy is underpinned by the broad nature of phi losophy which suffuses even into all other disciplines such as law, medicine, mathematics, art, linguistics and anthropology. In a separate wavelength, the reasons for studying philosophy may not be as difficult as the definition of the same may be. This is because taking an interest and having a passion in philosophy is inherent to philosophers or those who aspire to become philosophers. One may see the importance of studying in light of its three branches- epistemology, metaphysics and ethics, though these are not the only sub-disciplines of philosophy. Metaphysics examines or studies the nature of reality, especially in light of the relationship between the mind and substance, matter and attribute and fact and value. Conversely, metaphysics may be defined as the study of the essence of things and of the fundamental principles which pattern or organize the universe. In a conventional systems philosophy, the organization of the universe is construed as the fundamental principle of existence (rather than the laws of nature, matter or God). Because of this nature of metaphysics for instance, philosophy may help one investigate where the organization and complex patterning of the universe comes from. Herein, it is fit to posit that studying metaphysics will help the student have a more comprehensive understanding of ontology. This is because, in the study of metaphysics, the learner will also encounter evolutionary-systematic philosophy where essence is qualified as a process by which organization is created. In this light, ontology proceeds from elementary actions, in lieu of static objects,

The Salah requires praying Essay Example for Free

The Salah requires praying Essay One of the greatest hindrances to attaining peaceful relations in the Middle East comes from the fact that the Islamic religion is often misunderstood. In their book entitled, Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power, authors Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair, discuss the origins of Islam by discussing various aspects of the religion and the cultural practices. Literally, Islam means peace or the surrender of one’s self to God. Islam was born 1,400 years ago, when the message of the Qur’an was relayed to the prophet Muhammad by Allah through the angel Gabriel. The fundamental decree of Islam is monotheism, that there is only one Creator, that he alone should be worshipped by mankind and that Muhammad is God’s final prophet. Aside from monotheism, there are also other five aspects of Islam: first, that the Qur’an is considered by Muslims as the undistorted message of God and is the central text of Islamic religion; second, that angels are the messengers of god, devoid of free will and dedicated only to the worship of God and the duties entrusted to them; third, belief in all of God’s prophets, from Adam to Jesus; fourth, that there will be a â€Å"Day of Judgment† or â€Å"Day of Resurrection† (yawm al-Qiyamah) where every human will account for all the deeds and sins he has committed during his lifetime at a time that is only known to God; lastly, the belief in the Divine Decree (al-qadaa wal-qadr ), that everything occurs according to the will of God. Islam also decrees five main duties that a Muslim must perform. Integral to the understanding of Islam are the Five Pillars. These five duties are otherwise also known as the Five Pillars of Islam: Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Sawm and Hajj. The Shahadah is the primary tenet of Islam which is found in the shahadatan or â€Å"twin testimonies† wherein a Muslim declares that there is only one God worthy of devotion and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. The Salah requires praying five times a day at different times while facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca. The Zakat is the alms-giving of capable Muslims to the poor and needy. The Sawm is the requirement of fasting during the month of Ramadan wherein a Muslim desists from eating, drinking and having sexual intercourse from dusk until dawn. The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca a Muslim is required to make at least once in his or her lifetime. Aside from discussing these practices, they also discuss the cultural background of some of the most holy sites of the Islamic Religion. Considered as perhaps one of the holiest cities in the whole world, Makkah or Mecca, is located in the historic Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. With a population of nearly two million (1,700,000 to be exact), this region is deeply revered by Muslims because it contains the Grand Mosque of Mecca. From an etymological perspective, the word mecca means a location that is considered as the center of interest or a goal which religious adherents aspire for. This is synonymous with the religious devotion that is associated with the area. One of the major events that occur in this area is the annual pilgrimage to Makkah which happens during the season of the Hajj. This is very important for every Muslim since it is covered under the Five Pillars of Islam. Given this relevance, every able bodied Muslim who has the means to must visit Mecca at least once in their lifetime. This is a very strict rule. During this time, nobody else is allowed to enter the holy city especially people belonging to other faiths. Historically, the Mecca has always been considered as one of the most important cities in the Arabian Peninsula. Since the 6th century, it has always been the wealthiest of all the settlements in the area. Due to the abundant water supply that it got from the Zamzam Well, Mecca soon grew in prosperity and became the site of the Kaaba, the holiest site in all of Islam. Given this ideal location, it comes as no surprise then that this soon became one of the holiest areas in the world. The sacred mosque or the Al-Masjid al-Haram is the largest mosque in the entire world. Its location in the city of Mecca is only appropriate given the fact that it surrounds what is the holiest place in the entire Islam, the Kaaba. Also known as Haram or Haram Sharif, the mosque is capable of accommodating over four million (4,000,000) people during the great pilgrimage or the Hajj. It covers a floor area of approximately three hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred (356,800) square meters. References: Bloom, Jonathan and Blair, Sheila (2002). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. New Haven, 2002

APN Professional Business Plan

APN Professional Business Plan Yinusa Moshood Adeyemi Introduction As advanced practice nurses (APN), we have invested a lot of time and money in our education and seeking knowledge around. We have gone through dealing with the state laws and nurse practice acts, also gone through the principle of autonomy / collaborative approach of practice with physician depending on the state of practice. We are at the point where our career is at the turning point. Most people are in the nursing profession because of the passion they have for it, but we need to cater for our daily needs and family. At this stage, we are able to decide if we are going to establish a business or work for someone. Moving forward in the business like direction, there is a necessity for a business plan which will be further discussed in this writing. Who is being referred to in the business proposal is the Advanced Practice Nurse (Nurse practitioner). What they do is to work independently or in collaboration with a physician to fulfill their practice obligations which may include bu t not limited to evaluating patients via physical thorough assessment (either head to toe or focused), they have prescriptive privileges, and are also able to interprete common laboratory orders. They can order labs if they need further clarification with a current lab value, and so forth. In the state of Illinois, it is mandated that collaboration with a physician is a requirement of practice to be fulfilled. This paper will address the steps and documentation procedures that will be fulfilled to establish a mini clinic in the south side of Chicago neighborhood. Why this is being done is to fulfill the requirement of the APN professional business plan requirement and also to have an insight to what it takes to set up a clinic after licensure as an APN with practice privileges. Description of proposed APN business profile Proposed vision statement Our vision is to bring quality and affordable healthcare to Chicagos south side neighborhood. South Chicago clinic is aspiring to bring special healthcare services, health educational programs (primary preventive measures) as well as personal health and wellness programs to the south side Chicago population where there are a lot of populations of low class income families, helping them to meet their basic health needs and to engage in active primary health care practice. South Chicago clinic will be located in the Chicago neighborhood on the Chicago’s Southside; it will enhance the community with specialized care for the low class populations in the city and also the people in need. Proposed services South Chicago clinic is an affordable clinic that will be situated amid south side of Chicago neighborhood that will be especially dedicated to meet the exceptional needs of the low income populace. Proposing to bring services like vaccination, wellness visits, physical visits, health screenings, periodic health assessments and tests, minor injury treatments and so forth. Proposed services will be cheap and affordable. Most preventive medicine approaches helps early detection of diseases and prevent the expensive cost of complications treatment regimen, because prevention is better than cure. Proposed process for obtaining all anticipated registrations According to the information published on the website of Hudquarters.com, an article titled â€Å"How to get a DUNS number and CCR- 10 steps†, they laid out the guidelines and steps required to get these credentials. The steps are as follows:- Step 1 was identified as the planning stage. This is the step that all the paperwork will be gathered. As it is known that proper planning will prevent poor performance. This is the step where the name and address of the clinic, trade style, contact phone number and fax, number of anticipated employees, management team, EIN/TIN information which will correlates with the clinic`s tax paperwork and so forth. After all these planning have been done, step 2 involves contacting the company that issues the DUN number is next (Dun and Bradstreet). They can be reached via phone or online at 866-705-5711 or http://www.fedgov.dmb.com/webform respectively. The other steps involve providing the required information, obtaining a free DUNS number and creating a central contractor registration via http://www.ccr.gov. A 3 to 5 days processing / wait time is needed to complete the registration paperwork. Other registration paperwork such as CLIA, EIN, MPIN, NPI, NAICS, SBA, TPIN and so forth will be contracted to a professional business consulting firm due to the nature of its complexity and being on the safe side to avoid mistakes. Presentation of proposed APN service delivery The proposed / anticipated staffing teams are as follows:- Jimmy Khan OTR/L, member and partner Jimmy khan has been an occupational therapist for 15 years and has a graduate degree in Occupational therapy. Before the agreement to entering into this current partnership, Jimmy have extensive practice experience working as an occupational therapist. He started as an occupational therapy assistant before he made the decision to go back to school to obtain a degree in occupational therapy. In recent years, Jimmy is pursuing his doctoral program at the University of Chicago and currently retains a position as a consultant to a rehab facility in a nearby Chicago suburb. The need of an occupational therapy office space in our clinic cannot be underestimated. They will be in place to help stroke (cerebrovascular accident) victims regain their optimal functioning ability to assimilate with the community. Yinusa Moshood-Adeyemi RN, MSN (executive track) Clinical Coordinator and Clinical Compliance Officer (Co-owner) Adeyemi will be the Clinical Coordinator of south shore clinic and will be responsible for day to day clinical operations and compliance. Operating as an independent provider (Advanced Practice Nurse) with the collaborative agreement with Dr. Taiwo (hospitalist). Adeyemi will be working to make sure that quality and competent care will be readily accessible to the member of the south Chicago community. A care that will also be cost-effective and affordable. Adeyemi has 4 years of managing the operations of a home health business and also over 2 years of experience as a registered nurse. This is coupled with 4 years of military training and leadership experience. Dr. Taiwo will be the collaborative practice physician. Studied in Nigeria and moved to the United States 9 years ago. After passing his USMLE, he has been in in practice for 6 years. Works as a house physicians in couple of hospitals and he is willing to have a collaborative practice agreement due to state practice act. Consultants (Legal Counsel and Attorney) Jumbo consulting group provides clients in diverse industries, improve performance, complying with complex regulations, recover from distress leverage technology and statement growth. They will be taking care of other registration paperwork such as CLIA, EIN, MPIN, NPI, NAICS, SBA, TPIN and so forth due to the nature of its complexity and being on the safe side to avoid mistakes. Staffing South Chicago clinic staffing will be composed of (1) occupational therapist and (3) occupational therapy assistants. Also, there is a physician, a Medical assistant, a receptionist, a license practice nurse, a nurse practitioner and a physician. We will also be opened to giving people volunteer opportunities. Funding for this project will be obtained from bank loans. There are 2 banks that are willing to help fund this prospective business plan, Chase bank and Navy federal credit union. Hoping to get referral for patients having Medicare and Medicaid. In conclusion, the professional business of an APN requires credentialing and organizational business skills. Basic credentialing paperwork will be taking care of and the complex business documentations will be contracted to a consulting firm. Due to the nature and requirement of the Illinois practice act for advanced practice nurse, a collaborative agreement will be signed (contract) with a physician to fulfill licensure and credentialing requirement. The clinic will be located in the south side of Chicago neighborhood known to have high numbers of low class income. Affordable, competent, and quality healthcare are all included in the primary motives of the clinic and its location. The source of funding for the clinic is by loans from two different banks. Repayment of loans is set up to be completed in about 7 years if everything work out as planned. References How to Get a DUNS Number and CCR – 10 Steps. (2011, February 2).. Retrieved June 13, 2014, from http://hudquarters.com/2011/02/how-to-get-a-duns-number-and-ccr-10-steps/

Vehicle Drive Train Systems Essay -- physics car automobile vehicle

Before the advent of the automobile, buggies were typically propelled by one or more horses. Even with the first automobiles there was a need for a drive system, though, since those horses were no longer there. One thing that has remained common to every car is a motor and transmission system of some sort, but what varies greatly between cars is what is between the transmission and the wheels, also known as the drive train. There are many different styles of drive trains, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Front Wheel Drive The most common style of drive train is that of the front wheel drive, abbreviated FWD. Front wheel drive was not, however, the first drive system. Front wheel drive first made its appearance in the automobile market in 1933 with the French Traction Avant, which literally means "pull from the front." At the time, the idea of having a car pulled by the front wheels was rather different, but this style of getting the power to the wheels worked rather well. What made the Traction Avant successful was that it was lighter and more fuel efficient than other car models made at the time. This increased efficiency was a result of not only eliminated weight, but also reduced power loss in moving the rotational energy to the back. The idea of front wheel driven cars was not embraced immediately by major car manufacturers, though, since having all the driving mechanisms placed right under or in front of the engine added complexity in production and maintenance that was not worth the extra gas mileage. It was when the gasoline shortage hit America in the early 1980s that the front wheel drive car first became popular. Chevrolet first implemented the system in its "Citation," in 1979, which became an... ...front and rear differentials. Taking this into consideration, all wheel drive systems are almost always on full time. In order for all wheel drive to work, a specialized computer and a matching set of sensors is needed to tell which wheels are spinning and to which wheels the power should be transferred to. The change is done through a series of automatic wheel braking, adding another complicated and costly mechanism to the brakes system. For this reason all wheel drive systems were usually only used in vehicles like Mercedes and Porches. Lately, though, due to the advances in manufacturing technology, there have been a few domestic vehicles released, like the newer Ford Explorers and the Saab 9-2X, both of which feature all wheel drive. Should the cost of production of all wheel drive systems continue to decrease, more domestic vehicles will feature it in the future.

Romulus My Father Notes

Romulus My Father: Values & Belonging Romulus values education and learning, but sadly, only completed primary school. He is a tragic figure from the very beginning: 3: †¦ an inefficient postal service, however, prevented his application [for high school scholarship examinations] from arriving on time. He cried bitterly, not because of lost employment prospects, but because his love of learning would never be fulfilled.Romulus values European landscape – he does not find serenity, and does not belong to the landscape: 14: Though the landscape is one of rare beauty, to a European or English eye it seems desolate, and even after more than forty years my father could not become reconciled to it. He longed for the generous and soft European foliage, but the eucalypts of Baringhup, scraggy except for the noble red gums on the river bank, seemed symbols of deprivation and barrenness. In this he was typical of many of the immigrants whose eyes looked directly to the foliage and always turned away offended. 3: The peppercorns, to be found at almost every settlement in the area, were planted as though to mediate between local and European landscapes. 21: The Frogmore farmhouse is deplorable – it is not homely, or conducive to belonging and comfort: There was no electricity and no running water†¦ Rats lived under the house and occasionally bit us in bed†¦ Hora woke one night to find a large rat tugging at his elbow trying to make off with a piece of flesh. Large brown snakes came to eat the rats†¦Romulus values purposeful work but is belittled by menial labour as a new immigrant: another example of Romulus not belonging to the mediocrity of Australian culture: 16: ‘New Australians’†¦ were almost always given menial manual tasks†¦ In the case of my father, this unusually gifted man was set to work with a pick and shovel. He noted how incompetent some of the Australian tradesmen were, especially the welders, but not with resentment or anger, more with incredulous irony. He had long come to accept what fate ad dealt him and felt not resentment or indignation, or any other response which depended on the assumption that he was owed something better. 29: My father worked shifts at P&N, unable to avoid it because the foreman threatened to sack him if he did not do so. As a consequence, I spent many nights alone at Frogmore. Romulus values fatherhood. He has a nobility about him: 17: He and Hora worked alternate shifts so that one of them could always care for me. At his request, my father was transferred to a job cleaning the lavatories in the camp so that he could be near me. 4: Primitive though the house was, it made it possible for my father to keep me rather than to send me to a home, and it offered hope that our family might be reunited. 31: My father’s devoted care of me contrasted obviously with her neglect, and fuelled hostility toward her. Romulus values intimacy and his marriage and is crushed at Christine’s infidelity: 19: My father must have been heartbroken by his unfathomable, troubled, vivacious and unfaithful wife. Romulus values character: 101: Character – or karacter†¦ was the central moral concept for my father and Hora.It stood for a settled disposition for which it was possible rightly to admire someone†¦ Honesty, loyalty, courage, charity (taken as a preparedness to help others in need) and a capacity for hard work were the virtues most prized by the men and women I knew then. Romulus believes that life is short and full of suffering: 121: His sense of life is beautifully expressed in the ‘Prayer for the Dead’: ‘Man that is born of woman hath but a short time to live and is full of misery. He cometh up and is cut like a flower. He fleeth as it were a shadow and never continueth in one stay’.Those accents of sorrow and pity determined his sense of all other human beings as his fellow mortals, victims of fate and destined for suffering. They determined the quality of his deeply felt compassion in which all moral judgements were embedded. 172: Suffering ennobles†¦ Some kinds of wisdom, however, the kinds that show themselves not only in thoughts, but in the integrity of an authoritatively lived life – are given only to those who have suffered deep and long. His affliction gave authority to much of what my father said etcRomulus’ moral code – his sense of what is real and important was shattered after Lydia’s letter of rejection: 122: Only someone with an extraordinary sense of the reality of the ethical could be so shaken by a sense of evil, and my father was such a person. Vacek’s institutionalisation shows the danger of conformity: 143: †¦ police took him to the Ballarat psychiatric hospital†¦ over time he became dependent on institutional living so that, even when he was free to leave, he preferred to stay, and remained there f or the rest of his life.Here is an argument against belonging – belonging becomes a prison. Hora & Romulus enjoyed an enduring friendship†¦ Romulus remained a noble, heroic man despite his illness: 146: Hora knew that, despite his illness, there was still no one who remained as steadfast as my father in his disdain of superficialities, in his honesty and in his concern for others. Romulus believes in keeping one’s word at all costs – he pays for Lydia’s family to migrate: 149: Their fares were paid not by Lydia and her husband, but by my father.He had promised to do it years before, and it was inconceivable that he would go back on his word whatever Lydia had done to him and irrespective of whether her mother and her brother had been accomplices in her deception. Romulus values the truth and absolute honesty Romulus values being polite: 138: My father said that we should wait until a more suitable time before knocking at their door. This courtesy str uck me as incongruous with our purpose. Finish what you start – changing direction signifies an instability and weakness in character: 157: My father refused to let me go [to Melbourne High School].He said that I had started at St Patrick’s and so should finish†¦ For years†¦ he insisted that I had made the wrong decision†¦ because I had not finished what I started. Hora (like Romulus) detests moral shallowness. After an argument between Raimond and Hora about communism, Hora refused to speak to Raimond: 159: He knew that I knew how many millions had perished under communism, for he had often told me. Given that I knew, how could I not care? But how could I claim to care if I treated it all so lightly?If I was now such a morally shallow person, what could he say to me? How could he speak to me of anything that mattered? These questions cut into his heart, for he loved me. For his the pleasure of talking even about trivial matters depended on his knowing t hat the person with whom he was speaking was one whose responses could be trusted to be serious and decent. Romulus does not believe in traditional gender roles, he believes in doing what must be done: 163: The division he knew from his childhood between women’s and men’s work, played little role in his life.He sewed, cooked and baked, teaching Milka how to make strudel with their own pastry, doughnuts and other things. Romulus values compassion, generosity and care†¦ his commitment is almost religious: 165: Compassion went unusually deep in my father. It showed itself all his life in the help he gave those in need and in the pain he visibly felt for their pain. He was literally incapable of not helping someone genuinely in need if he had the means to do so. 165: More often than not my father’s generosity was abused, and although it pained him it did not diminish his impulse to give. 68: He had no interest in doctrine. At the centre of his religious sensibi lity was the idea of a pure heart responsive to those in need. 169: His sense of our deep need for prayer was the expression of his belief that only a life of prayer could enable one to consent to great and protracted misfortune and for that consent to go sufficiently deep to save one from despair. Romulus values European culture: he is in the prison of Anglo society, craving European conviviality: 169: He longed for European society, saying that he felt like a ‘prisoner’ in Australia.He meant that, although he had good neighbours, in Maryborough he had almost no one with whom he could enjoy the generous and open forms of conviviality that characterised European hospitality as he knew it. He complained that one could not just drop in on Australians and talk freely for hours: one had, as he put it, always ‘to make an appointment’. Whereas if you went to a European home, you would generally be offered food and talk, both in generous quantities. Romulus believ es that conversation is humanising: 23: All conversation which meant all living, occurred in the kitchen 73: He believed that it was essential to decent conversation that one not pretend to virtues one did not possess – as essential as being truthful about one’s identity. Only then could conversation be true to its deeper potentialities and do its humanising work or opening up the possibilities of authentic human disclosure. Romulus values a life governed by necessity, and work is the ultimate necessity: 194: Although†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. e and Hora were inclined to believe that depth and real contentmen t were to be found only in a life governed by necessity. Wisdom they believed, lay in consent to that necessity. Superficiality and restlessness were in store for those who fled it. See also: incident with Mikkelsen Delivering groceries by carrying them on his back Miscellaneous: Relationships – or belonging and connectedness to another human being – is destructive. 137: Mitru’s suicide and my father’s madness had convinced me that sexual love was a passion whose force and nature was mysterious, and that anyone that came under its sway should be prepared to be destroyed by it.Its capacity to wreck lives, to humiliate otherwise strong and proud people and to drive them to suicide was already familiar to me. That it should also drive them to murder was part of the same story. Christine: 25: A troubled city girl from Central Europe, she could not settle in a dilapidated farmhouse in a landscape that highlighted her isolation. She longed for company. 31: Desp erately lonely, she was glad of any conversation that came her way. 31: Mikkelsen remembered her vividly†¦ he had the arresting presence of someone who experienced the world with a thoughtful intensity. 103: But for someone like my mother, highly intelligent, deeply sensuous, anarchic and unstable, this emphasis on character, given an Australian accent, provided the wrong conceptual environment for her to find herself and for others to understand her. p. 28: Setting fire to kill snake -> humiliation and ridicule in local paper. p. 29: Redemption by valiant intelligence in saving Mikkelson